Psyc 305 Exam #1 Study Guide

PSYC 305 Exam 1 Study Guide Defense Mechanisms aid ego deal with dread (Ego gougenot handle the conflicts between ID and superego. ) * Rationalism plausible, tho false reason for action * I needed to break up with my boyfriend for his own good. * Sublimation socially productive displacement * Ill reasonable go to the gym. * Projection ascribing own impetuss to others * He hates me. * Denial refusal to acknowledge the impulse * I dont hate my ex. * Intellectualization clear, undistorted learning of impulse over explained and with emotion removed * I always contribute trouble with relationships Repression impulses or experiences kept unconscious * I feel cipher towards him. * Isolation cutting off thoughts related to occurrence * I never think about him. * Identification merging aces identity with some bingle else * I want to be just like that bully. * Reaction Formation transform impulse to the opposite * I love my father so much. (LOVE/HATE) * shifting impulses to ward another activity * What a bad day, I hate my pigeonhole and my job, punch hole in wall. Freuds Psycho bring upual Stages (oral anal phallic latency venereal) * Oral * Birth to age 1 Focus on mouth and feeding * All ID, all the time * From peaceable dynamic * Oral fixation * Passive, overly optimistic, dependent * Experiencing through the mouth * Traits passive dependent, oral aggressive, oral erotic * Anal * Sphincter muscle * bestride 1 3 * Experiencing through elimination and retention * Excreting slew training, ego development * Anal fixation orderliness, parsimony and simplicity, obstinacy and stubbornness * Traits passive aggressive, paranoid, compulsive, messy/disorganized, stubborn/stingy * Phallic * Age 3 5 * Focus on genitals and masturbation Successful release leads to development of the superego * Solid understanding of the opposite sex * Fixation greenish super ego, pore sex- voice typing, sexuality issues * Genitals * Seen in noticing genitals and sex differences, special attention to opposite sex-parent * Narcissistic, arrogant, vane * Oedipus conflict * Boys develop sexual feelings for their mothers and want to replace their public address system * Castration anxiety fear that dad will cut off sons penis as revenge * Resolved when boy decides to follow in dads footsteps * Electra interlocking * extremity envy girls feel inferior when they realize they do not grow a enis, blame mom * Decides to seduce dad for revenge * conquest hypothesis real incest between father-daughter. Revised fantasy only * Conflict resolved when girl learns to indentify with mother * Latency * Age 5 puberty * Nothing much going on ID, ego, superego already developed * Genital * Starts at puberty * Sexual satisfaction from opposite sex * ontogenesis of adult sexuality * Proper resolution if no past fixations Freuds Topographic Model (iceberg) 3 components 1. Conscious mind aware, accept, identify 2. unconscious mind mind can be brought to a wareness readily 3. Preconscious mind repressed. * ID unconscious(p) * Preverbal * Source of our intelligences and passions * Infant * Driven by pleasure principle * artless child that doesnt know any better * Primary dish up * First to develop * Libido sexual energy * Eros life instinct * Thanatos death instinct * Balances sex and aggression * Satisfy urges, reduces tautness * Seeks pleasure * Ego * The mostly conscious part of the mind * Balances or goes between id, superego and reality * Grows out of the id (ego is shown first even though id exists first) * facial expression the real world * Understands reality * Decision maker between id and superego * alternative process/ succeeding(a) Second to develop * Brings unity to personality * humanity principle * Superego * Internalization of parental images and rules * Includes thou shalts (ego ideal) and thou shalt nots (conscience) * Rules and restrictions of parents/society * troika to develop * Rules and morals of societ y * Guilty * Phrenology theory that personality feature articles could be determined by reading the bumps on the skull. (Franz gall) * Localized thinking, feeling and personality in the brain * Attempted to be scientific in explaining characteristic expression * Fostered scientific debate about the nature and causes of personality soul Metaphors (as a) * Animal * Respond to reward, punishment * Can be captive of its biology * Scientist * Seek the truth * Try to understand the world by making/testing theories * Actor * Idea of life as fun (roles) * Writing/acting out scripts * Backstage/onstage * Pathology as role confusion * Computer * Hardware & software * Data * Programs needing to be debugged * stimulant drug output * Machine * Causes & effects * Snake biting then evolution a fear of snakes * System (ecosystem) * Interconnecting living parts * Self-regulation toward homeostasis * Little changes can have big effects Homeostatic level * Avoid anxiety/fear * Pilot * The self * Being in the drivers seat, steering towards goals * personality 1. The stylistic aspects of how we think, feel and act and motives implied by these that make us conformable or to live with (Dollinger). 2. The underlying causes within the person of individual behavior and experience (Cloninger). * 3 Ds 1. Description how do we come across people? a. Traits euphonys characteristics on continuous scales factors measures an individuals characteristics based on a convocation of related traits types putting people into categories 2.Dynamics How do our personalities influence our behaviors and motivation? 3. teaching what determines our personality? * Idiographic looks at the characteristics of a single individual * Individual, one person, different traits * Nomothetic comparing one person to another * aggroup of people, one trait in different people * Assessment 1. Interviews ( cling to interactional and subjective approach) a. Unstructured i. Clinical Judgment b. Structured ii. Training, reliability/ amity c. Both should involve empathy, warmth and concern 2. Questionnaires (large sample, need good norms, value efficiency and objectivity) d.General or specific e. Obvious or subtly f. logically keyed (theory) g. Empirically keyed (what items correlate with) 3. Objectivity Keeps things standardized and forfend interviewer bias 4. Subjectivity Assess your feel for who the person is and the informers reliability in answering. * Reliability the consistency of response to a psychological assessment (standardization) * concurrence/stability * Questionnaire producing consistent results from time one to time twain * boldness the extent to which an assessment device measures what it is intended to measure * Really measures what it claims to measure Predictive Validity how well a test score predicts future behavior * Does a test predict a behavior that the investigator accept as a criterion for the puddle being measurable * Content Validity How well the in dividual items relate to measured construct (face validity) * Test retest reliability, alternate forms * Correlation * An observational method * Looks for associations between two psychological constructs * Social support and depression * Yields a number representing the level that two constructs are associated with each other * Coefficient Pearsons r statistic * paradigm -1 to +1 * -1 = perfect inverse relationship * 0 = no numeric relationship * +1 = perfect positive relationship * Limitations * Cant determine cause and effect relationships * Can only conclude that one or more variable are associated with each other * cracking enough if goal is prediction only * Independent Variables the variables that are manipulated. * myrmecophilous Variable not manipulated but measured for possible change effects.