Introduction to Organic Chemistry Essay

Amines are compounds composed of nitrogen atoms bearing alkyl or aromatic compounds. Amines undergo interesting reactions, one of which is with the reaction with nitrous acid producing an azo dye. In this study, the experiment focused on synthesizing an observing the physical properties of Sudan-1. Sudan-1 is of the most common dyes found in waxes, oils and in some food ingredients specifically curry and chilli powder. Furthermore, this study aimed to understand the mechanism behind the synthesis of 1-phenylazo-2-naphtol. To be able to synthesize Sudan-1, preparation of phenyldiazonium chloride solution and ÃŽ ²- naphthol solution were done. Ingrain dyeing was also done in this experiment. The synthesis of Sudan-1 has a two-step reaction – diazotization and coupling reactions. Diazotization is the formation of diazonium salt, meanwhile, the coupling reaction took place when an activated aromatic compound, ÃŽ ²-naphtol was reacted with the diazonium salt, benzene diazonium chloride, to form the azo compound known as the 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol. As a result, an orange-red precipitate was formed after series of reaction. Hence, all the said objectives in this experiment were achieved. Amines are compounds that are composed of a nitrogen atom bearing alkyl or aromatic groups. They are basic and nucleophilic because of their lone pair. They occur both in plants and animals. Amines produces some of the most interesting effects and of the common reaction of aminewith nitrous acid producing a dye[4]. Alizarin, for example is a red dye extracted from madder root used by Egyptians and Persians. However, in this experiment, it aimed to produce a dye commonly known as Sudan-1. Sudan-1 is a lysochrome with the chemical formula 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol. It is a powdered substance with an orange-red color. This azo dye is most commonly found in waxes, oils, and also in some food coloring ingredients – curry powder and chili powder. However, the presence of Sudan-1 in most foods now is currently being banned because it has been classified to be carcinogenic. This experiment focused on synthesizing of 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol which is a two-step reaction. The first reaction is the reaction of aniline with nitrous acid, which is called diazotization and second, the reaction of diazonium salt and beta-naphtol to form azo dye which is the coupling reaction. Figure 1 Diazotization Reaction of Aniline to Produce a Diazonium Salt Figure 1 Diazotization Reaction of Aniline to Produce a Diazonium Salt In diazotization reaction, there is a formation of diazonium salts. This reaction is made possible when a primary aromatic amine is treated with nitrous acid. Then in coupling reaction, the electrophilic substitution reaction of a diazonium salt with an activated aromatic ring formed a azo compound specifically an azo dye.[3] The main objective of this study was to be able to synthesize Sudan-1. Also, it aimed to characterize the azo dye with its most distinguishing physical properties. Furthermore, this experiment also aimed to understand the mechanism behind the synthesis of Sudan-1. Figure 2 Coupling Reaction of Benzene Diazonium Chloride with ÃŽ ² -Naphthol Figure 2 Coupling Reaction of Benzene Diazonium Chloride with ÃŽ ² -Naphthol Aniline was reacted NaNO2 crystals under acidic condition using HCl in a cold temperature. The solution was done in a very cold temperature because the phenyldiazonium intermediate easily decomposes back to its aniline counterpart at a slightly high temperature; hence the temperature of the solution was maintained in an ice bath below 5Â °C. Rock salt may also be added to the ice bath to maintain the temperature. However, in this experiment, no rock salts were added instead constant monitoring of the temperature was done. ÃŽ ²-naphthol solution was used as a coupling reagent in synthesizing Sudan-1. In preparing ÃŽ ²-naphthol solution, ÃŽ ²-naphthol was dissolved in 5% of aqueous NaOH and was also cooled in an ice bath below 5Â °C, this was to avoid the decomposition of the compounds. The main reaction that occurred in the preparation of phenyldiazonium chloride solution was diazotization reaction. Diazotization is the reaction between a primary aromatic amine and nitrous acid at cold temperatures to diazonium salt compound.[2] Figure 1 below is the reaction exhibited by the phenyldiazonium chloride solution. As this experiment aimed to synthesize Sudan-1, two steps are done. The first step would be the reaction of a primary aromatic amine to produce a diazonium salt as seen in Figure 1. The second step, then, is the reaction of the diazonium salt with a strongly activated aromatic syste,l known as coupling reactions. Azo coupling is the reaction between a diazonium compound and aniline, phenol or other aromatic compound which produces an azo compound.[5] In this experiment ÃŽ ²-naphthol couples with the diazonium salt. Figure 2 below shows the coupling reaction of the benzene diazonium chloride with ÃŽ ²-naphthol and having the product of Sudan-1. Furthermore, figure 3 below is the summary of reactions of the synthesis of Sudan-1 in this experiment. Figure 3 Summary of Reactions in Synthesizing Sudan-1 Figure 3 Summary of Reactions in Synthesizing Sudan-1 In this experiment, a filter paper was used to undergo ingrain dyeing. Ingrain dyeing is an irreversible chemical reaction of the diazonium salt solution and the activating aromatic solution. An orange-red filter paper was produced after such procedure. The presence of orange-red color in filter indicates the presence of the azo dye (see appendix for the orange-red filter paper produced). The Sudan dye is synthesized right in the spaces between the filter paper such that they are permanently trapped inside the fiber spaces of the filter paper.[2] After mixing the phenyldiazonium chloride solution with the ÃŽ ²-naphthol solution, an orange-red paste-like solution was formed. Furthermore, the mixed solution was also reacted at a temperature not exceeding 4ËšC for 1-5 minutes. Afterwards, the mixture was also filtered was washed with several portions of water to filter the product, Sudan-1. Recrystallization was also done when the filtrate was steamed bath after dissolving it with 95% hot ethanol. AS a result, orange-red crystals were formed which is the Sudan-1 product. The crystal appeared to be orange-red in color due to the N=N bond present in Sudan-1. The N=N is responsible for the absorption of light thus reflecting a color which is orange-red. The structure of Sudan-1 is shown in Figure 4 below showing the N=N bond of the compound. The N=N is known as the chromophores which are responsible for the color. The –OH group attached in the structure is also responsible for enhancing the orange-red color. The –OH functional group is known as the auxochrome, which modifies the ability of the chromophore to absorb the light.[1] Figure 4 Structure of Sudan-1 Azo-compounds, compounds with general formula Ar-N+=N-Ar-, are coupling products from the reaction of diazonium salts with amines. The general reaction pattern for Sudan synthesis first undergoes diazotization reaction and then coupling reaction with highly activated aromatic compounds. In this experiment, the diazotization reaction of aniline with NaNO2 and HCl yielded a diazonium salt, benzene diazonium chloride. Furthermore, the diazonium salt then underwent coupling reactions with an activated aromatic ring which is ÃŽ ²-naphthol. The coupling reaction yielded an azo compound which is most commonly known as the Sudan-1 with an IUPAC name of 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol. As a result of the reactions in this experiment, an orange-red color of solution was produced. This experiment aimed to understand the reactions that underwent to synthesize Sudan-1; as a result, figure 3 was the summary of reactions. As a physical result, orange-red colored crystals were produced representing the azo compound, Sudan-1. However, some minor errors will not be ignored in this experiment. Some errors like human errors might have affected the results in yielding a pure azo compound. One human error, would be the measuring of the reagents used to yield the said product. Also, the misreading of some measurements may have also affected the results of this experiment. Also, some impurities in the chemicals used will also not be ignore, since this impurities may have led to a not so visible side reactions in the said experiment. After being said and done, all the said objectives in this experiment were met.

Extrinsic Element (Mutual Friend)

Charles Dickens was born in 1812 in Portsmouth, Hampshire, England, to John and Elizabeth Barrow Dickens. The second of eight children, Dickens spent his childhood on the southern coast of England, where he attended a good school until the age of eleven. The family then moved to London and shortly thereafter his father was sent to debtor's prison. Young Charles went to work in a blacking warehouse and was forced to live on his own in cheap lodgings in a state of near starvation. Although he was soon rescued by his father and sent to school in London, the brief period of abandonment and uncertainty affected his life and his writings for years to come. Dickens did not attend college but was admitted as a reader to the library of the British Museum, where he immersed himself in the study of great literature, particularly Shakespeare. He worked for some time as a clerk, as a shorthand reporter, and eventually as a news reporter for the Morning Chronicle, a position which required him to travel all over the country. Career Dickens's first success, both critical and popular, was Sketches by Boz (1836), a series of short pieces on life in London. His first novel, Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (1837), was published, as were all of his novels, in serial form, and by the time the fourth monthly installment was issued, Dickens was the most popular author in England. His writing, once full of hope and optimism, grew increasingly pessimistic as he aged, with ima ges of decay and corruption dominating the later works. Our Mutual Friend was his last completed novel; with its images of dustheaps and death, it is widely considered one of the author's darkest visions. In 1870, while working on The Mystery of Edwin Drood, Dickens suffered an aneurysm in the brain and died the next day. He was buried in the Poet's Corner of Westminster Abbey. – Dickens’ Works Over the next thirty years, he continued to publish successful novels, among them: Oliver Twist (1838), A Christmas Carol In Prose (1843), The Personal History of David Copperfield (1850), Bleak House (1853), Hard Times for These Hard Times (1854), A Tale of Two Cities (1859), and Great Expectations 1861). – View Charles Dickens distaste for the upper class and his strong interest in social reform is very evident in all of his writings. Throughout his life, he continually worked on writing novels that reflected his own view of the social classes. Dickens writes his characters of the lower social class to have more value than the aristocrats that in his own view he has grown to despise B. SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS World view: most people in england in the middle of 19th century did not have money. They could not become ladies and gentlemen. They were the working class. Some working class people, like Bradley Headstone and Charley Hexam wanted to do better in life. – Economy: England in the middle of 19th century grew wealthy. Many people suddenly became rich. People who have money could become part of Society. Society people were known as ladies and gentlemen.

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Leadership - Essay Example After the managers of companies expose what values they believe in, they will become objects of derision if they fail to live up to their own expectations. However, when they lead by example, they effectively influence the activities of others. Competence is highly associated with wisdom in making tough decisions when executing an activity to achieve set objectives (Conyers, 2010). Competent leaders are imaginative people who use their practical knowledge to oversee the execution of guidelines and policies. Inspirational leaders are those who believe that their workers have as many talents as themselves. Companies can only achieve their objectives if they allow their employees to have a turn at participating in decision making policies. This means that all workers in companies have to be judged fairly and given the same opportunities to participate in fulfilling organizational objectives as are extended to the company leaders. A good leader will refrain from showing that he has favou rites among his company’s personnel; even if he does (Hybels, 2008). A good leader will use personal character and the ability to complete tasks to determine the workers who should be promoted. Intelligence and Communication A person has to exhibit self-discipline as well as self-awareness in order to be perceived as being intelligent. A good worker will also portray a calm attitude when faced with considerable challenges and show a readiness to cooperate with others in order to accomplish organizational objectives even when there are other personal issues that he or she is dealing with (Conyers, 2010). A good worker, and, therefore, potential leader, should also be in possession of good communication skills that allow him to be able to communicate successfully with high ranking managers as well as subordinates. For communication to transpire there has to be a message, channel, sender, and receiver. Any interpretations of the messages and feedback given depend largely on how the receiver understands the message. The receiver can also be the sender at some point (Yan and Hunt, 2005). There are essential qualities that every leader should have. Some of these include personal integrity, inspiration or motivation and good communication skills. Understanding the acknowledged and unacknowledged regulations and boundaries aids leaders in perceiving the expectations of their societies. Keeping an open mind permits the consideration of the diverse viewpoints that are presented. The importance of honouring one’s commitments cannot be understated. This will enhance one’s associations with other people. People who will be attracted to following any one leader will want to trust that he has the skills they yearn to emulate. The Role of Personal Integrity Personal integrity is, of necessity, one of the traits that make a good leader. This trait, however, is rarely found in today’s business setting. There have been many recent reports on how moral failings have resulted in the resignation of more than one corporate leader. Many times, men and women who are elected into positions of business leadership believe that they can be able to withstand all temptations. However, in making such assumptions, they blind themselves to the possibility that they are deceiving themselves. Most business leaders never set out to intentionally commit fraud or sexually harass their

EasyJet Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

EasyJet Strategic Management - Essay Example Easyjet has focused on the strategy of being safe and sustainable, in which is a strategy to fulfil the means of the airline staying afloat through all conditions and circumstances that the economy may go through (Easyjet plc, 2011). With this in mind, the company has seen the successful implementation of safety measures, where the company focuses on the wellbeing of the clients and the efficiency of their services to meet the needs and demands of their clients. In addition, the safety applies to the services they provide, where the record they have is one to be envied following a small number of incidences. Though the incidents do not leave a lot to be desired, they have shaped the airline, especially considering its low-cost flights that it offers to clients. With this in mind, their low-cost strategy also calls for sustainability so that the airline becomes a market leader, which has been achieved by a number of things. This is one by having partnerships with other companies to pr ovide towards some of its needs, which include marketing and fuel issues (Parsons, 2011). This can be evidenced by the joining of the airline in Visiting Britain’s marketing partnership, where it seeks to capture a larger market bases as opposed to the one it captured by working on its own marketing strategies, and the sustainability plans focus on generating revenues and expansions that can continue to be there for a long time to come (Johnson, 2011). As such, the sustainability of the revenues and abilities of the company are the main strategies in place to drive the company to a new level and maintain its notch at the top. In addition, the company applies the strategy of keeping the customer first, which couples with the safety and sustainability strategy, in which case the customer takes priority of operations. This is evidenced by the footprint of the airline across Europe where there is a strong presence of the airline going all over Europe, which is the main focus of t he airline. As such, the airline focuses on the clients in that the footprints are a representation of the company’s clients and their destinations. This is coupled with the improvement of the customer’s experience, where in spite of suffering staffing shortages, there have been improved services to attract more customers and meet their travel needs as they travel with them to give value for their money in their low-cost flights (Niththyananthanpara, 2010). Other companies competing against Easyjet in domestic air travel include Jet2, BMI Baby and Ryan Air among others, but with the strategies used by

Queer Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Queer Theory - Essay Example In fact, it is not only the physical manifestation of gay spaces that impacts the overall makeup of an urban location, but more importantly, the people and their culture which leaves the indelible mark on in the cityscapes of leading countries. This paper is important because it seeks to identify and understand the factors and forces which contributed to the formation and establishment of gay urban spaces. This paper is important because it takes into consideration the historical experience of gays and the gay community, and the social transformations which influenced the growth of gay urban areas. This paper intends to identify the social and economic reasons which contributed to the existence of gay urban spaces. It aims to identify the factors which led gay individuals to organize themselves and create distinctive territories. The paper will also identify the criteria by which gays and lesbians choose locations where they establish gay spaces. The paper also explores gay space itself, its definition, its elements, its relationship to the larger urban area, the reasons why they are mostly located in urban instead of rural regions, and the urban elements which make gay spaces thrive. Gays and lesbians have always been treated badly by most communities. They have been ostracized by family and friends, and even persecuted by the communities where they live. The hostilities they experienced often lead them to take on low profile lifestyles. They hope that this would not attract attention, that they would be left alone and thus prevent hostile behavior towards from happening. In Asia, gays and lesbians who community experience hostility turn to the gay scene for help. These serve as support groups which help gay individuals come out. They also provide environments in which specific problems of sectors within the gay community are addressed. Being gay

Global Warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Global Warming - Essay Example It is a fact that global warming has been able to play a very significant role within the time and age of today and the role of the media has been abysmal to state the least. There has been emphasis on the fact that global warming has created global divide amongst the people. On the one hand, they decipher this as something which comes with the changing time while at the other, they think that global warming is creating more problems for the coming generations and the effects have started to come about today as well. The global warming ideology has been spoken about a great deal by the media since they believe that this is one topic that they cannot get rid of. They are of the opinion that talking about the global warming issue would only make people realize about the gravity of the situation at hand and what exactly needs to be done about the very same. The media thus derives its platform through such discussions on global warming because it feels that it has got a responsibility to which it has to stick. The supporters of media playing its role within global warming suggest that media has touched the finer points which would warrant attention by the people in a positive way. Indeed it is important to make people aware of the global warming issues which are taking place all over the world and have been in the news for good or bad reasons. Also the different newspapers, magazines and editorials have brought much pressure on the bodies which have been enacted in the name of global warming. This is the reason why global warming has been seen as a major deterrent towards creating problems for the people and more so their younger generations. This involves just about everyone and not the human beings alone.

Security Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Security Systems - Essay Example A Firewall is effective at protecting one's computer. Firewall sets limits to the allowable access point of users and it restricts the users from entering those sites that are suspected to be harmful. It also blocks malicious sites from opening up; this is done to ensure that the threats are unable to enter into one's computer system. Another type of security system is the virus protection software. In installing this type of software it is important to constantly update its features, most importantly the current virus definition as it tends to change from time to time (Reardon, 2001). Actually, there are a lot of anti-virus products offered online but before one would opt to purchase it, factors like the source or the company offering it as well as the over-all product features must be taken into consideration. Upon using technological gadgets like computers, it is always vital to take the necessary precautions. Installing an antivirus software or turning on the firewall does not ta ke a lot of energy, it only requires a person to click the button of a mouse. By doing this one is guaranteed of protection.

NURSING RESEARCH LITERATURE ( REPORT) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

NURSING RESEARCH LITERATURE ( REPORT) - Essay Example There was increased resiliency i.e. decreased behaviors and substance abuse and other broadly based benefits. 5. What points did the author cover in the discussion section of the research report? What limitations to the study did the author discuss? What conclusions did the author develop as a result of the study? What new knowledge was generated by this research study? In the discussion section, the authors talk about validation of the method they have used and how they corroborate with other already published methods. The authors state that the findings of this study validated the goals of COA support groups described by Black 2004. The critical features and processes in the current study are consistent with SBSG for adolescent girls as published by Campbell, (2003). The authors discuss how community interventions describes by Stanton, (1996), were also found in the current study namely self-evaluation, identification pattern, and ability to make healthier choices. The authors also discusses how their results are consistent with the results of other published studies like increased knowledge (Borkman, 1999), and increased coping skills and relationships (Wassef, 1998). The authors then lets the readers know the drawbacks of the current study. Some of the drawbacks they discuss are that the researches themselves were the cofacilitaotrs, which would have influenced the results, and that only females were included in the interview even though males had participated in the study. Finally the authors discuss the importance of the study as to how it can be used as a model for evaluating SBSGs for adolescents with an addicted parent, and to educate school health professionals and policymakers regarding the value of this intervention. I agree with the author’s conclusion. But the study cannot be practiced clinically because much of this vulnerable group is unable to attend school by the very fact that their parent is addicted. And even if they were

Change in Management and Leadership Style Essay

Change in Management and Leadership Style - Essay Example This essay examines the leadership and management structures within the company’s human resource approach to the establishment of Virgin Galactic business venture. Leadership and Management The main human resource related issue within the Virgin Atlantic structure is the company’s approach to the Galactic Project. The Galactic Project is the company’s mission to establish commercial trips to suborbital space stations. The mission began in 2004 and has been in development since this period. The spacecraft flights are intended to be robust and affordable to the extent that they can take passengers in a relatively affordable way ($200,000 per passenger). The space flight will overlap the Earth’s atmosphere in a suborbital way flight. Passengers will experience a brief period of weightlessness – 6 minutes – where passengers will be able to detach themselves from their seats. In considering the key business challenges within this organizational pr ogram, it’s clear that there are a wide variety of leadership and management elements that must be considered. While a comprehensive articulation of these elements would require an analysis as large scale as Sir Richard Branson’s space flight operation, this report functions to consider the issue from an overarching perspective. Within this context of understanding, the first major consideration is the Virgin Galactic overriding business structure. In examining this element, the Burke Litwin model of organizational change is implemented in gaining a greater management understanding. In terms of the Burke Litwin model, there are twelve major organizational areas of consideration, with management structure being an important area of concern (Burke 2011). The Virgin Galactic management structure is currently noted as consisting of CEO and President George Whitesides, Stephen Attenborough as the Commercial Director, and Jonathan Firth as the Director of Operations & Projec ts (‘Our Team’ 2010). Another prominent aspect of the Burke Litwin model is the investigation into organizational culture. In terms of organizational culture Virgin Atlantic has gained a reputation for both innovation and efficiency. In addition to these elements, perhaps because of its flamboyant president, the company has also gained a reputation for sensationalism (Manning 2011). While such an organizational culture creates a progressive and creative atmosphere, for the implementation of large-scale experimental practices one can argue that such a practice is detrimental to company success. The Burke Litwin model also considers the nature of the external environment. In these regards, this specific business challenge faces competition from a number of competing space airliners. There is also concern over increased government regulations. Another major business analysis model is the McKinsey 7S Framework. This framework considers the interaction of seven components to , â€Å"Improve the performance of a company† and â€Å"Determine how best to implement a proposed strategy†. Within the context of this analytic tool are the hard elements of ‘strategy, structure, and systems’. Currently, the business venture’s organizational structure functions within the Virgin empire, yet involves a partnership with aerospace designing firm Scales Composites. Similarly, CEO and President

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Marketing - Essay Example The website claimed that I was a strong fit for a major in media arts. I have never been interested in arts, thus to me this result is incorrect based on my abilities and preferences. When I took a look at the information from the survey I was reminded that so far I have been successful in my academic career. My cumulative grade point average is 3.75. I hope to continue working hard in college to maintain a high grade point average. Students that graduate with high grades have more opportunities available to them. A high grade point average can help you get into graduate school or obtain a job with a multinational firm. The survey also mentioned my extracurricular activities. In college it is important to have a good balance between school and your social life. The values and preference section of the survey revealed that I like working in large groups. I believe a lot in the value of teamwork. Work Cited Page Mymajors.com. 2011. â€Å"Student Advertisement Report & Survey Transcrip t Prepared for: Abdulaziz Al-khalifa.† 29 March 2011.

Running Header Personal Leadership Plan Essay Example for Free

Running Header Personal Leadership Plan Essay Leadership means vision, principle and, integrity. The definition is the power to motivate others through your words and deeds; this word also can be defined as the process of social influence in which a person can enlist the aid and support of the accomplishments of a task (Wikipedia, 2010). When an individual becomes a leader there are required to make several ethical decisions. As we move into the 21st century, there is an emphasis on leadership and moral leadership, and its complexities. One can easily argue that today’s leaders cannot afford ethics in today’s society, although there is an increase in responsibilities and political or economic pressure. However, an alternative view would argue that leaders should follow the necessities of ethics. Furthermore, ethical leadership is an expansion of quality human services, consumers and community citizens, and committed employees (Manning, 2003). Ethical leadership may be easily used to ethically motivate others in an ethical direction. Understanding the core values and having the courage to live be them can be hard for many individual, especially if they are financial driven or power stricken. Human Services field is generally considered a sensitive area which is of enormously important. They are several issue can be associated with ethical decisions in Human Services. Making any decisions within Human Services whether ethically or non- ethically should be taken seriously, especially when it is influenced by their decision with the dignity and respect. Knowledge and Courage are two of the major components of Ethical leadership; another important section of  this structure is the imagination. When an individual is lacking imagination, it stops you from looking beyond the usual limits of an issue. The key objective of a leader is always recognition and fame; however with an ethical leader key objective should be always to re spect the hearts of the people (Manning, 2003). Leadership within the human service field carries many complex ethical challenges in a particular circumstance such as the organization. The moral nature of human service organizations carries many responsibilities to consumers, employees, and society. Conceivably the greatest ethical challenge is that human services is serving people. Consequently, leadership in human services is connected to the moral issues of affecting people in serious, life-changing manners. Human service organizations function to protect, maintain, enhance the personal well-being of individuals through services that define, shape, or alter their personal characteristics and attributes (Manning, 2003). Human beings seek assistance from these organizations in areas that are critical to basic daily life, such as food, shelter, employment, health and mental health care, social welfare. Not many skills are more important to self-improvement than being able to take a step back and honestly evaluate you. Self-reflection allows you to expose problems early, before they become too painful to ignore (Manning, 2003) I believe the ultimate goal of any leader is to be an effective leader. But there are many tendencies to avoid such as control issues, task versus relationship focused, and playing office politics. Will not allow any leadership to be effective as they should; in many cases the leadership may become less productive. I analyze my own skills as a leadership, and I still have much more developing to do. They are several categories of Human Services job that I strive to be a part of some day and it is a program director for abused children or abused elders. In both categories I believe that ethical responsibilities and decision plays a major role. Consequently, as a leader in these fields, it would be my responsibility to ensure that my staff follows the rules and procedures of the organization. One of my major responsibilities as a director is to ensure that the staff is making non-bias right decision; and  not making decisions based on personal feelings or gains. My job would ultimately be to follow the law and protect the clients that seek our services as well as to protect the employee. Reference Manning, S. S. (2003). Ethical Leadership in Human Services: A Multi-Dimensional Approach. Allyn and Bacon. Wikipedia. (2010, August 20). Retrieved 2010, from Wikipedia Leadership: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership Wikipedia. (2010, August 20). Leadership. Wikipedia. (2010). Wikipedia Ethical Leadership. Retrieved August 20, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethical_leadership

Teachers Diary Experience In Task Based Education English Language Essay

Teachers Diary Experience In Task Based Education English Language Essay Many areas of education are undergoing changes in the way teaching and learning is perceived. Teacher-centered lecturing and structural-syllabus instruction are giving way to a more student-centered, hands-on, practical, and flexible approaches (Shank and Cleary, 1994). The field of English language teaching is no exception in this paradigm shift. One of the areas, which came under this paradigm shift, is the traditional Present-Practice-Produce method of teaching English. It has been replaced by Communicative Language Teaching. An offshoot of Communicative Language Teaching is Task-Based Teaching. The teacher has been identified to be a learning facilitator. He does this largely through the medium of communication, verbal and non-verbal. The quality and effectiveness of such communication have a lot to do with the amount and quality of learning that takes place. This paper talks about a teachers experience in a mixed/heterogeneous classroom situation. Introduction The classroom, a small social structure, but sometimes large, is a working group of students coming from different socioeconomic background, tribes and cultural affinities, mixing with some friends, some strangers and the indifferent. These differences become complex in pluralistic societies including India. Their common task is learning a given content. It is the teacher who is the enabling agent for these socialization and learning. The teacher is the expert (at most in his field), the leader, the more mature mind and wiser. This is the idea of traditional pedagogy. During instruction in the classroom, it is the intent of the teacher to impact information and knowledge to the students and on many occasions such information and knowledge are designed to change the behavior of the learners. However, before a teacher can change the behavior of his students, he must not only possess adequate knowledge of the subject matter, he must be able to communicate his massage effectively. The teacher must have the ability to persuade his students to accept his ideas and arguments and not to leave them wondering at the end of the lesson whether to accept or reject them. The teacher should be able to use the classroom as a social system that breads atmosphere for meaningful social interactions and conducive learning environment. This brings us to the question, What is Communication? There dare many definitions of communication, as there are experts in the field. Oxford English Dictionary defines communication as the imparting, conveying or exchange of ideas, knowledge etc. (whether by speech, writing or signs). It has also been defined as the process of attempting to share with another person or other persons, ones knowledge, interests, attitudes, opinions and ideas (Ralph, Hance, and Wiksell 1975:4). Farrant (1980) also defined communication as the process of passing an understandable message from one person to another (P. 186). Every language teacher today realizes the importance and the relevance of the student-centered, hands-on, practical and flexible approach (Shank and Cleary, 1994), and the worldwide demand for Communicative Language Teaching, which helps to understand the language in context and to use it effectively in situations outside the classroom. As a result, changes have been taking place in many areas of education. The field of second/foreign language teaching is no exception in this paradigm shift. But for ELT, it has become a challenge to accommodate the changes due to various reasons. The most important factor is that one cannot ignore the practical aspect of every existing education system. This paper deals with students from mixed backgrounds who come under one roof to learn English. This paper deals with teaching methodology undertaken in CELT, O.U, Hyderabad, India, to see how a short term program can benefit students improve their communication skills. As they are mixed background students it became necessary to see how the merits of different language learning frameworks like Communicative Language Learning and Task-Based Learning can be put together to achieve the best result. As Joanne Pettis, quoting Henry Widdowson comments, If you say you are eclectic but cannot state the principles of your eclecticism, you are not eclectic, merely confused. (Pettis, 2003). Roger Dunne from Universidad Veracruzana, Mexico rightly states, In any event, most language teachers are probably influenced more by course books than by manuals and training courses and most popular course books are decidedly eclectic in their approach. It is probably these pragmatic market forces that will determine the future direction of language teaching in many parts of the world rather than a fight to death between academic fundamentalists (Dunne, 2003). This paper was set within the dual framework of Communicative Language Teaching and Task-Based Learning. Theories of language use in context play important roles in Communicative Language Teaching and theories of language learning play important roles in Task-Based Learning. Hence, the merits of both were used. Howatt (1984) distinguishes between the weak and the strong versions of Communicative Language Teaching. The weak version stresses the importance of providing learners with opportunities to use English for communicative purposes and therefore attempts to integrate communicative activities into the programme of language teaching. This is the version followed in most learning contexts, especially in Asian countries. As different from this, the stronger version of communicative language teaching claims that language can be acquired only through communication. This would mean that teaching involves not just activating an existing knowledge of the language, but stimulating the development of the language system itself (Howatt, p. 279). However, whether it is the weak or the strong version, the proponents of Communicative Language Teaching have always viewed learning a second/foreign language as acquiring the linguistic means to perform different functions. Some principles of Communicative Language Teaching include: 1. Language should be a means to an end and the focus should be on meaning, not on the form. 2. The learner has to formulate and produce ideas, information, opinions and so on. 3. Teacher intervention to correct mistakes should be minimal as this distracts from communication. (Richards and Rodgers, 1994) As David Nunan (1989) says, Task based teaching and learning is teaching and learning a language by using language to accomplish open ended tasks. Learners are given a problem or objective to accomplish but are left with some freedom in approaching this problem or objective. A task is defined by David Nunan as, an activity (or technique) where students are urged to accomplish something or solve some problem using their language. Preferably, this activity is open-ended; there is no set way to accomplish their goal (1989). According to Jane Willis, a task is a goal-oriented activity with a clear purpose. Doing a communication task involves achieving an outcome, creating a final product that can be appreciated by others. Tasks can be used as the central component of a three-part framework: pre-task, task cycle, and language focus. These components have been carefully designed to create four optimum conditions for language acquisition, and thus provide rich learning opportunities to suit different types of learners (Willis, 1996). Learners get exposure at the pre-task stage, and an opportunity to recall things they know. The task cycle gives them speaking and writing exposure with opportunities for students to learn from each other. The task cycle also gives students opportunities to use whatever language they have, both in private (where mistakes, hesitations, and approximate renderings do not matter so long as the meaning is clear) and in public (where there is a built-in desire to strive for accuracy of form and meaning, so as not to lose face). Motivation (short term) is provided mainly by the need to achieve the objectives of the task and to report back on it. Success in doing this can increase longer term motivation. Motivation to listen to fluent speakers doing the task is strong too, because in attempting the task, learners will notice gaps in their own language, and will listen carefully to hear how fluent speakers express themselves. A focus on form is beneficial in two phases in the framework. The planning stage between the private task and the public report promotes close attention to language form. As learners strive for accuracy, they try to organize their reports clearly and check words and patterns they are not sure of. In the final component, language analysis activities also provide a focus on form through consciousness-raising processes. Learners notice and reflect on language features, recycle the task language, go back over the text or recording and investigate new items, and practice pronouncing useful phrases. Components of a Task Tasks contain some form of input that may be verbal (a dialogue/role play/reading) or, nonverbal (pictures/a gesture) followed by an activity, which is in some way derived from the input. This activity sets out what learners need to do in relation to the input. Tasks have also goals and roles for both teachers and learners. Components of a Task (Nunan: 1989) From the above diagram, a task can be viewed as a piece of meaning focused work, involving learners in comprehending, producing and/or interacting in the target language. Before taking up the task of converting the textual content into various tasks, the following points were noted and kept in mind by the investigators: -The objective of the task must be stated very clearly -The task must be appropriate for the level of the learners -The task must equip the learners with the ability to apply classroom learning in new situations. -Tasks must be interesting and motivating to the students -The form the input takes, must be clear to the teacher -The roles of teachers and students must be specified clearly -Through the task, learners must be encouraged to negotiate meaning -The language that will be generated by the task must be predicted -There should be variety and flexibility in the tasks Few strategies for classroom practice to improve verbal, non-verbal and interpersonal communication Materials needed: Paper and pencil for each participant. I am going to describe a drawing I have made of a bug. Without seeing the drawing, you are to draw the bug that I describe. You may not ask questions or talk to each other. Describe the bug. The bug is round. The bug has eight legs, grouped in pairs with four legs on the left and four legs on the right. In the pairs, one leg is longer than the other. The bug has two eyes on top of the body. The bug has two squiggly antenna. The bug has two pea-pod shaped wings. The bug has a spot next to each wing. The bug has a triangular stinger on the bottom of the body The bug has two feelers on each foot one longer than the other, both coming from the same side of the leg. The bug has a round mouth, placed between the two eyes. The bug laid five square eggs to the left of the stinger. After everyone is finished. Hold up your bug so others in your group can see. Note some of the similarities and differences. Show the drawing to the entire group. Discussion questions: -Why dont all the bugs look like mine? (Interpretation: everyone has a different interpretation, based on his or her experiences.) -What did you think of first when you were told to draw a bug? What did you see in your mind? -What could we have done differently so that your drawings and mine would have looked more alike? -What would have been the advantages of allowing questions to be asked? -How many of you wanted questions to be asked? Adapted from A Kaleidoscope of Leadership, Minnesota Extension Service Words Alone Purpose: To demonstrate how important words are when the person talking and the listener cannot see each other. Materials Needed: Small pieces of paper with one of the following words on each: Procedure: Ask one person from the group to take a paper with one of the words on it and give a verbal description of what is on the paper (no hands allowed). Tell them to concentrate on the careful choice of words, avoiding non-verbal signals. Use descriptive words relating to all five senses (smell, touch, etc). Example: ice cream cold, smooth, soft, fluffy- looking, sweet, flavors. Process Questions: 1. How efficient were words alone in expressing ideas? 2. How did you feel doing this activity? (talker and listener) 3. What does this remind us to do in our own communication? Reference: Internet Conclusion Students showed interest in learning English. The reasons they gave were, classes are full of activities and play. Noted that students started talking in English openly without any apprehensions. They were highly motivated by the tasks and were encouraged to participate in doing the tasks. Though it is time consuming it is quite a rewarding experience as they gain useful insights by working through activities. They improve in their language as well as personality traits like team building, interpersonal relations, adaptability etc. Even with the existing constraints, classroom teaching can be given a communicative orientation, giving enough opportunities to students to use the language creatively. Teaching can be made learner-centered; with more emphasis on the learning process any given text may be re-created into various tasks and activities. Task-based teaching enhances the language proficiency of learners.

Analysis Of Growth In Packaged Milk Industry Marketing Essay

Analysis Of Growth In Packaged Milk Industry Marketing Essay According to Dairy Index 2012, Pakistan is the third largest milk producing and consuming country in the world with 64 percent of the countrys population classified as Deeper in the Pyramid (DIP), which represents 60 percent of LDP consumption. The livestock sector alone contributes 11% of the countrys GDP,  with an estimated 42 billion litres of milk produced per annum. The total revenue from these dairy products is estimated as US$ 26 billion per annum. As per the Economic Survey of Pakistan 2009, Pakistan has a herd size of around 63 million animals, which is the 3rd largest in the world. About 35 million people are involved in dairy farming, deriving more than 40% of their total income from livestock. For these farmers, dairy animals provide milk for domestic consumption as well as meagre income through the sale of milk. In rural Pakistani culture livestock is a storer of wealth. It is viewed as important social capital and offers insurance to the owner in times of financial distress. Pakistan lacks the essential infrastructure that is needed for safe storage and transportation of farm produce. According to the Livestock and Dairy Development Board, 20 percent of the current milk production is lost due to poor infrastructure. Poor research facilities, technological backwardness and lack of processing facilities have resulted in generating fewer jobs and adding virtually no value to its agriculture produce. Of all the milk produced in the country, only 3 percent is processed. Rest of it is consumed as fresh milk which is not treated and is mostly supplied by gawalas. These Gawalas account for around 80-85% of total milk supply in the country. Due to this informal sector most of the milk in Pakistan is of low quality and is untreated. The handling of milk is miserable and no precautions are taken. People involved in this process are mostly uneducated and have low preference to health issues. They do not understand the importance of treatment procedures. Due to this lack of education, the productivity of milk is also low. The methods used for milking are old and no machinery is used. Everything is done purely by hand. In addition the live stock are not properly fed and taken care off. People do not understand the ways through which productivity can be enhanced. The lack of equipment also causes 20% of the milk to be lost during carriage which also lowers the yield and revenue produced by selling the milk. The packaged milk industry comes into picture here. This industry is the opposite of the unprocessed milk dairy industry which is the major chunk. The packaged milk companies have tried to introduce new techniques, use of machinery for milking and setting of health standards. These companies have state of the art plants installed and try to provide the best quality milk. The companies mostly buy milk from these local milk men but a few also have their own farms. The local unprocessed milk is bought by these companies and processed and treated at the standards which meet international quality. So with the increase of such companies and awareness among consumers, the packaged milk industry has started to take effect and gain share of the total dairy industry. Industry background The packaged milk category was originated in 1981 by company named Milk Pak, which  pioneered tetra pack milk in Pakistan. The supply chain involved collecting milk from rural areas across Punjab, processing the milk through UHT (Ultra-High Temperature Processing) treatment, and selling it to consumers in uniquely coloured triangular and rectangular packs designed to prolong the milks quality. Milk Paks Milk Packs were very well-received and the brand soon became synonymous with quality milk. Its first real competition came in the form of Haleeb, which introduced distinctively blue tetra  packs to the market in 1986. Milk Pak later merged with Nestle and continued its growth and leading the new high potential industry. By 2006, the dairy milk category was growing at 20 percent annually, and Milk Pak and Haleeb were well-entrenched brands with distinctive colours and brand  promises of providing high quality, natural and healthy milk. Milk Pak was identified by its green and white packaging-the colours of the country-and offered a brand backed with the strong equity of Nestle, coupled with its own traditional heritage. Haleeb was recognized as the blue brand, and professed to have the naturally thickest milk which was also claimed to give tea the best taste. At that time, market was dominated by these two strong and widely respected brands. The industry looked completely impenetrable for the new comers. But still milk industry in Pakistan had great prospects for growth. However Olpers, new milk brand backed by a powerful company engro, emerged to the scene and with its heavy promotional activities it soon started making its presence felt. The company gained share in the market quite rapidly and in couple of years time accounted for 13% of the market share. Other big companies saw this as the sign of potential profitable market and starting entering the packaged milk business. Good Milk was another brand backed by Shakargunj also launched onto the scene and started making impact. Local companies like Nirala sweets also took the opportunity and launched their milk products. In this growing market some old products such as Nurpur started reviving their brand and started making tetra pack milk. Numerous small brands like Halla, Gourmet and P rime launched their plastic packaged milk too which was cheaper than tetra pack. The industry took real boost in years 2008 and onwards. Countless brands started emerging, many on small scale. People started importing cows from Australia and other countries and marketed their milk. Educated people also stepped into this business. They brought in new techniques, live stocks and feeds to enhance the productivity and sell quality healthy milk. Various brands like Fresh milk, Farm fresh, Anhaar, White gold followed this trend. The industry particularly looks profitable as Pakistan is one of the largest milk producing and consuming country in the world. Milk is one of the main components of Pakistani people diets. Increase in urbanization during these years also helped the industry to boom. People came from rural areas started adopting to new trends. Mass media created an impact as companies used vigorous advertising to influence consumer choices and make them believe that the packaged milk is better, safe and healthy. The fresh milk suppliers also helped the industry as the fresh milk they supplied was constantly lacking quality, rumours of mixing of water into milk, unhygienic treatment of milk and medications given to animals to enhance milk produce led people to give-up fresh milk consumption and avert to packaged milk. Research objectives Identify how many new packaged milk companies have become functional in last five years. What is the growth of milk production in last five years What are the reasons behind the growth What is the projected growth for coming years Why is demand for packaged milk increasing What are potential new markets for packaged milk How many consumers are willing to substitute fresh milk with packaged milk Is the non packaged milk industry slowly transforming into packaged milk industry? What impact does increasing population has on milk demand Is large youth population a driver for growth in packaged milk? Research Question Analysing the growth of packaged milk sector in Pakistan over the last five years. Research Methodology This section will explain what type of research would be conducted and by which means. It covers the details of the research design, methodology for collecting the data, population, questionnaire development and data analysis. Data Type The type of data can be either primary or secondary. In this particular paper both primary and secondary data would be used. The primary data set will be gathered via questionnaire whereas the source of secondary data are published articles from Jstor journal and other credible sources. Further the data can be qualitative and quantitative in nature. Qualitative data refers to data that may categorize items in terms of certain characteristics and / or quality. This type of data can be observed and recorded however, it cannot be measured. Quantitative data refers to data that is numerical and can be measured using various statistical techniques .The majority of the data regarding this paper is quantitative in nature. This is due to the fact that quantitative data is easier to measure and analyze and reduces biasness that can occur in qualitative data. Information with regards to the demographics of the research subjects would be termed as qualitative data; this includes information abo ut the respondents gender, age, etc. Sampling Procedure Convenience, non-probability sampling will be used, based on the ease of access for the researcher. Sampling Frame For the purpose of this research, the list of elements upon which the sample is selected from the population include the fact that they should be easily accessible to the researcher (as convenience sampling is used). The other element of is that atleast 50% of the sample should fall into the SEC B income bracket. This is because research shows this class to be the most frequent users of these products. Time Frame The time frame for this research project is 5 months, starting from August and ending in December. Research Proposal Submission (August 2012) Revisions to Proposal (1st September 2012) Literature Review (8th September 2012) Hypothesis Generation (8th September 2012) Theoretical Framework (8th September 2012) Methodology (8th September 2012) Data Collection (22nd September 2012) Data Compilation (6th October 2012) Data Analysis (13th October 2012) Results and Findings (20th October 2012) Final Submission (3rd November 30th 2012) Literature Review The prospering dairy industry of Pakistan The author of the article talks about the increasing trend of consumption of branded or packaged dairy products in urban areas. According to the author the transition of dairy industry from unprocessed loose products to formally treated hygienic packaged products has took a long time. The packaged milk industry initiated in 1981 but till the early 2000s the growth was very slow. People did not adapt to the idea and kept on consuming fresh products. Milk from Gawalas and yogurt from local milk shops were widely preferred. In the last decade the consumers became more aware of the benefits of the packaged milk. People also started knowing about the improper treatment of dairy products by the local milkmen. Germs, mixing of water, poor handling techniques and medications to enhance milk yield from cows contributed to consumers dismay. People suddenly started looking at packaged milk as more healthy, nutritious and safe. According to the figure given in the paper, the packaged milk indust ry is growing at 20% annually. Marketing of dairy (fresh) milk vs. packaged milk The article researches the reasons behind success of packaged milk in recent times. The industry has boomed in last five years. Many new companies have come and impacted the industry. The fresh milk is being substituted for the packaged milk. According to the author the impact can be seen by studying the marketing strategies of fresh milk producers vs. Packaged milk producers. The author sees advertising as a key factor that has contributed to this boom in packaged milk industry. The marketing strategies and advertising has changed consumers perception. Consumers are made aware of the advantages of packaged milk. The hygienic values, purity and freshness have been promoted massively. The marketing has also shown the dark side of fresh milk. The improper handling, unhygienic and old methods and contamination in the milk have led to change in people preference. Moreover the companies have targeted changing people lifestyles. The convenience of packaged milk, hassle free handling and easy storage has also caused positive attitude towards packaged milk. The packaged milk makers have also successfully promoted milk as essential product for as well as main ingredient for various items. Like the best tea, best desserts and best drinks are made from packaged milk. On the other hand the fresh milk industry being largely unaccounted and informal has failed in this aspect. They are lacking innovation as well as modern techniques. The uneducated milkmen have failed o understand the significance of marketing. They are still surviving on massive demand, price and staunch users who do not want packaged milk. Changing lifestyles and consumer attitudes The ever increasing concerns of contamination, germs, bacteria and improper handling of dairy products specially milk has led many consumers to opt for packaged milk consumption. The perception and understanding of packaged milk being more safe and healthy is fast catching the minds of consumers. People are more informed about the hazards of consuming unhygienic loose milk. This change is the a key indicator of huge potential and enormous untapped market that has great potential for growth in packaged milk industry. Keeping in mind this huge potential and changing lifestyles of consumers, the packaged milk companies have come up with different varieties of milk. Consumers now have more choices than they could have imagined previously. Companies like Milkpak and Olpers offer normal pasteurized milk with full fat content as well as low fat, high calcium milk better known as skimmed milk. Consumers specially the ladies are targeted with the skimmed milk categories whereas men and children are promoted the normal brand of milk. Talking about choices and innovation, companies have even made milk a specialized item. For example olpers markets it milk Tarang specially for making tea. It says that Tarang is the best milk for tea. Similarly nestle has done this for many years with its dry milk brand called every day. So with changing consumers need and evolving lifestyles, companies have come up with new and innovative products and have successfully specialized their options. Drinking milk products in Pakistan In the dairy sector, milk continues to be the largest consumed commodity. In this category of drinking milk, Khula doodh continues to be the preferred choice of consumers as high percentage of population consumes it. Share of packaged milk is still very low in the dairy industry. The main reason behind this is that still majority of people consider the loose milk to be more fresh, nutritious and affordable. Drinking milk products is expected to see a constant value CAGR of 8% over the forecast period, departing from the high annual growth of 21% seen in 2011 as well as similar high double-digit growth seen in the past few years which had been mainly led by hikes in unit prices. During the forecast period, prices are expected to see only modest growth since companies are concerned about the inability of consumers to cope with soaring food inflation. In this high growth industry, packaged milk has also seen tremendous growth. The competition has increased and new companies have started making impact in the market. In 2010, Engro foods a young company was tied with Nestle Milkpak a pioneering company in packaged milk for the share value of sales which stood at 33%. Haleeb closely followed these companies with 20% value share. The white revolution (Dhoodh darya) The basic objective undertaken in this paper is to activate the resource potential of rural Pakistan and serve as a key engine of economic growth, thus radically changing the landscape of Pakistans agriculture economy through dairy development! the revolution aims at empowering small farmers and providing them with mechanized farms. The revolution is trying to improve the overall infrastructure of the dairy sector so that its full potential can be exploited. By introducing modern techniques, white revolution will influence the lives of millions and enhance urbanization through innovation and quality. The white revolution aims to satisfy consumers by providing quality milk, affordable, wide product range and high nutritional value. To meet the needs of the farmers, white revolution will train, empower, provide resource, improve yield, link to formal markets and provide a thriving pathway to growth. This way the supply chain will become better off, local milk production will adapt to n ew techniques and foreign investors would also be attracted. Overall a standardized industry would take shape. Some stats shared in the paper give us brief of the industry. These stats are as follows: Capture.PNG Capture2.PNG Through these statistics we can clearly see that the dairy industry has great potential for growth. The packaged milk industry is also contributing more and more every year. The growth trend is strong and may lead the industry in near future. All this would be made possible by achieving the objectives as mentioned in the paper. Pakistans transforming dairy industry The Gawala system is one of the long standing traditions of Pakistan milk industry. The result of this tradition can be seen by dominance of unprocessed milk which accounts for 93% of all liquid dairy products. From 2006-2009 consumption of LDP has increased with increase in the population, With a CAGR of 2.4% (according to Tetra Pak data). In 2009, LDP consumption reached 18.9bn litres, maintaining its position as the fourth largest LDP consumer after India, China and the US. In the same period, the rate of growth of packaged LDP was at CAGR of 8.4% compared with unpackaged products, which grew at a CAGR of 2.1%. according to tetra pack this trend is going to continue in near future. Tetra Pak expects packaged LDP to continue growing, with a CAGR of 10.4% from 2009-12. The changing demographics of the country are contributing to this change. Emerging middle class, increasing young population and education has caused people to demand safer and healthier products. In the alst decade the urban population of apkistan has increased by 3 percentage points. In 2009, 35.5% (59.9m) more people were living in urban areas. This change or urbanization has limited the supply of good healthy fresh milk as people have moved away from rural areas. Their access to good quality loose milk has been limited due to the lack of a cold supply chain. This has provided packaged milk companies with the opportunity to provide good quality, safe milk in an alternative form. Increasing educational class and sophisticated consumers have demanded more and more packaged products as they perceive it to be healthier and more convenient. From 1999-2009, packaged LDP grew by 19%. VAT to hamper growth of dairy industry In 2010 the article published in tribune raised concerns of dairy industry as government considered applying VAT on packaged milk. According to Pakistan dairy association (PDA) the VAT would seriously hamper the growth of the industry. According to Muzammil Aslam, economist at JS global capital ltd. Government will face difficulty in applying VAT on food industry. The government will face problems in imposing VAT especially in the food sector because this area has been mostly unregulated, If government applied VAT on packaged milk which is around 15%, the prices of milk packs would sharply rise. The difference between loose milk and packaged milk would become extraordinary. Consumers will shift to loose milk and packaged milk which has been growing year to year will suddenly default. Already the packaged milk sector has only 13% share in the dairy market. The industry wont survive and eventually Pakistan would have to import packaged dairy products. The loose milk industry is currently not in tax bracket so it would be unfair to have taxes on packaged dairy products. Emerging markets will drive growth of dairy industry According to a study conducted by tetra pack in 2012, emerging new markets in the world including Pakistan, India, Brazil, Russia and china will drive the growth of LDP industry. The LDP market is set for accelerated demand in years 2011-2014. Pakistan is currently the third largest milk producing country and has third largest herd size. Most of the population of Pakistan is deeper in the pyramid (60%). This provides great opportunity for companies and local farmers to cash in. Pakistani food producers have made many new innovative products which are affordable and good. One such product is the tea whitener. 32% of milk is used for making tea so it is a very important market. Products like tarang which are cheap and good for tea are ideal to penetrate into DIP segment of the society. Once the packaged foods enter this segment the growth will be enormous. Todays low-income consumers are tomorrows middle class, said Azhar Ali Syed, Managing Director Tetra Pak Pakistan, noting that this is a golden opportunity for dairy processors to cultivate consumer loyalty among a new generation of dairy consumers in developing countries such as Pakistan. The consumption is to incease from 70 billion litres to 80 billion in the year 2014. Many of the loose milk consumers are expected to shift during this period to packaged milk. Low-income consumers represent one of the biggest growth opportunities for the dairy industry. The key to tomorrows success is reaching these consumers today, said Tetra Pak President and CEO Dennis Jonson. They make up almost 40 percent of the worlds population and live in economies driving our industrys growth and they are growing more affluent. Tetra pack also announced that LDP demand worldwide is going to grow at 2.9% CAGR from 2011-2014. The biggest potential markets will be Asia, Africa and Latin America. Competitor analysis The packaged milk industry of Pakistan initially faced slow growth. People did not adapt to the idea of packaged milk and avoided consuming it. In the last decade this trend has changed. People now have become more aware of the packaged products and its nutritional values. The awareness led to consumer testing and liking the packaged milk. Thus the milk consumption started to transform. There are two types of packaged milk available, the tetra pack and the pouch packed milk. In the past five years the growth has been rapid. The industry has prospered in this time period. The boom in packaged milk industry has seen many new competitors enter the market. The competition has increased and suddenly the industry has become fiercely competitive. In the early days, the packaged milk market was dominated by nestle milk pak. Milk pak was like a monopoly. Now with new companies entering, the market share has dropped but still milk pak leads the market. Olpers now has second highest market share, was launched during this period of time by engro foods. The competition within the industry itself has become intense. There are many brands available offering virtually the same product at almost the same price. The taste and nutritional value of the milk brands are also same. Consumers have endless choices. The prominent brands competing in the market include: milk pak, olpers, haleeb, halla, good milk, gourmet, prema, anahar, nurpur, omung, and white gold. The combined percentage share of tetra pack and pouch pack milk brands of the dairy industry is 29% (22% tetra pack, 7%pouch pack). All these brands are fighting to gain maximum of this 29% share of the dairy market that makes the packaged milk industry. Of the 29% share of packaged milk in dairy industry, 22% is tetra pack milk. Currently milk pack has around 40% share of this pie whereas olpers is second at 27%. Other significant competitors in this category are haleeb and good milk. These tetra packed milk brands offer pasteurized milk. It is a little expensive too when compared with other categories. In the other category, Gourmet milk dominates the pouched milk category as it has more than 70% share of the 7% pouched milk market. The main competition in this category is halla and dairy queen. These brands offer UHT milk which come in pouches and are considered economical. Apart from this inside competition faced by packaged milk industry, immense competition is present outside the industry. This competition is given by the fresh milk or unprocessed milk category. This category is by far the most popular and most consumed one. It accounts for 71% of the total dairy market share. The fresh milk has this huge market share due to various factors. Among these factors price, taste, availability and nutritional value are key. The fresh milk is readily available and supplied to households on daily basis. Local milk men who have their own cows supply fresh milk on daily basis. The milk is delivered to consumers doorstep fresh every morning. This ease is also one of the main reasons for its success. The fresh milk also is cheaper to get. As compared to the packaged milk it almost costs Rs. 10/litre less. Another factor that has lead to this huge market share is lack of awareness regarding packaged milk. People still believe that fresh milk is more nutritious wh ereas to them packaged and processed milk is artificial. One key thing to note is that the fresh milk has a 70% share in rural market while in urban its only 30%. Industry analysis According to a study on Milk marketing conducted by FAO in Pakistan in 2003, out of 33.6billion litres of production of milk, 80% of the milk in the country are collectively produced by rural commercial and rural subsistence producers. The semi urban producers account for 15% of the milk production, whereas urban producers contribute 5% to the total milk production in the country. Only 5% of the milk is processed and is marketed through formal distribution channels whereas the other 95% is being distributed by the middlemen in the urban and rural areas. This accounts to be 0.43% contribution of the formal sector to the real GDP of Pakistan in the year 2004-2005. The formal sector (UHT) market are the milk producers in Pakistan which totals to be only 3%, which is only a small percentage, are growing at a stable rate of 20% a year. Initially the dairy sector did not receive much attention. As mentioned before, the packaged milk industry began in Pakistan in 1981. Milk pak became the pioneer by introducing its packaged milk. Later Haleeb and dairy queen and Halla followed Milk pak footsteps. The industry at the beginning never looked promising and was hardly seen replacing the fresh milk. In fact, the concern of adulteration, germs, obsolete and old methods of improper handling of dairy products, particularly loose milk and curd by milkmen and shopkeepers, are forcing a large number of consumers in the country to change their old buying patterns and move away for traditional milkmen delivered fresh milk. Consumer preferences have changed in the favour of packaged dairy products (Austin and Kohn, 1990), which offers better hygiene, nutritional value and good value for money. In the early 90s Tetra pack started their campaign of hygiene bacteria free milk; moreover their main aim was to educate the masses about th e health hazards of loose milk which is supplied by the local milkmen. Also they wanted to build awareness about the quality, purity, freshness of the packaged milk which is free from preservatives. Till the mid of 90s milk production was the least commercialized enterprise in the agricultural economy. It was during the early years of the 21stcentury that the dairy sector became slightly more commercialized with the emergence of two new companies in the sector: Olpers and Goodmilk. The former enterprise emerged as an aggressive player with attractive new ad campaigns emerging after almost every six months and managed to gain second highest market share as a UHT milk producer in Pakistan after Nestle Milkpak. The dairy sector now stands at its turning point. The advertisement campaigns and the competition between the oligopolies of milk enterprises have benefited its consumers the most (Pakistan Dairy Development Company, 2006). A demand shift can be viewed from that of loose milk to packaged milk. Milk consumers now have a variety of brands of milk to choose from which would suit their needs. The majority of national livestock herd is distributed in small units throughout Pakistan. About 55 million landless or small land holding farmers are responsible for the bulk of milk production produced in the country. Buffalos being the major milk producing animals produce most of the milk in Pakistan whereas only small amount of milk is produced by cows as Pakistans consumers prefer buffalo milk over cows milk. UHT producers of milk have made collection points in rural areas from where they collect milk from small scale farmers. It develops into a hassle for the collectors as they have to face problems due to poor infrastructure, quality assurance of the milk produced by farmers, inexpert manpower and seasonality issues. Low productivity and uneven farm base makes it inefficient for collectors to collect milk from farmers as collection becomes ineffective due to this. These difficulties create serious threats to the dairy industry of Pakistan which can only be eliminated by providing subsidies by government to the farmers. To make Pakistans dairy industry competitive against worlds dairy sector Pakistans dairy industry needs to be developed with respect to international standards. Primary research For this research project most of the data has been gathered from secondary sources. due to limitations and small time span only small scale primary research has been done. The primary research done for this study is has been limited to Lahore area only. The respondents were mostly students belonging to few universities of Lahore. the sample size chosen for this research was 100. These hundred people represent the whole population for this research only. This sampling has been done just to get an idea of how much our research claim is valid. The primary research data gathering has been done through questionnaires. A fourteen close ended questions questionnaire was floated in our sample. The questionnaires were filled under the supervision of the researcher and all precautions had been taken to avoid any bias. Survey analysis When the respondents were asked which type of milk they consume 30 said fresh milk, 60 tetra pack, 9 plastic pouch and 1 went with others. The next questions addressed the frequency factor. 30 respondents said they consume milk twice a day, 50 used it once a day, 15 said few times a week and 5 only used once a week. The third question asked the purpose behind consuming milk. Most respondents said they consume for tea, coffee and drinking. Out of the sample of 100 respondents, when asked 70 said that they use tetra pack milk while only 30 said no they dont. The most popular kind of packaged milk according to our respondents is the UHT milk as 60 respondents went with the option. When asked about the packaged milk brands most people consumed milk pack 49, olpers being second and good milk third. In pouched milk category gourmet was the preferred choice along with halla. The next question was perhaps the most critical one. We asked respondents that have they ever consumed loose milk or are its past users. 97 out of 100 said yes. Almost everyone has been a past consumer of loose milk. In one of the questions we noted that 70 out of 100 p

Technology and Art :: essays research papers

Does size matter? In the world of technology, it all depends on the consumer. The first generations of televisions were designed in a very simple form. Most were square, made of wood, and had a round dial to change channels. Nowadays, we have many different shapes and functions for televisions. Culture and technology have had a large impact on the development of the design and features of the modern television. The design of the television has drastically changed over time. For example, the 1948 Fada model was large in volume and it had a convex and oval shaped screen. It had four knobs used to tune and change channels. The structure was made of wood and it included a fairly large speaker underneath the twelve inch screen. The television only had access to thirteen channels. The dial simply shows that the culture did not have access to many channels. Past televisions were simple because the lifestyle was simple. People did not need hundreds of channels and massive screens to be satisfied. Modern televisions now come in various sizes and have features to accommodate the consumers. For example, the Philips-Magnavox 50FD9955 is thin and has a fifty inch (diagonal) rectangular flat screen. This television can be placed almost anywhere imaginable. It can be hung on a wall or even on the ceiling. The large size of this television represents modern society’s need for bigger and better things. It has an on/off button, two channel buttons, two volume buttons, and other various buttons for adjusting the color. The channel buttons on the modern television represent the unlimited number of channels. The structure is made of metal and plastic and it includes a speaker on each side. The plastic body is easier to mold, cheaper to produce, and easier customize the color. The television comes with standard audio/video jacks, cable jacks, and an S-Video jack to accommodate VCRs, DVD players, camcorders, and other accessories. These additional features did not just appear overnig ht, they developed with society to satisfy their needs. Television is designed around its culture. In the past, watching television was a way for families to be together. Everyone gathered around the television and watched the same show. Families did not have the luxuries of owning more than one television and having hundreds of channels. Today, almost every room in the house has a television. People in different rooms are now able to watch their own shows.

Supporting Nuclear Energy as a Power Source :: essays research papers

Do you know that only fifty people have ever died from nuclear power plant related disasters? That’s more than the number of people that die from car crashes around the world each hour. Just because people die from driving doesn’t mean that we should doing that, so why should we not have nuclear power plants when only a small number of people died from them. The problem is that people over-exaggerate the negative parts of nuclear energy and use it to fuel the public’s fear of nuclear energy. For these reasons and more I support nuclear energy as a power source. First, nuclear energy has proven to be the most economical energy source. 15.5 grams of Uranium can produce as much energy as 1,400 tons of coal. Using nuclear power would also lower the cost of gas because there wouldn’t have to be as much oil burning power plants, so the demand of oil wouldn’t be as high. And, lastly, with nuclear energy we wouldn’t have to keep replacing the fuel because one rod of enriched Uranium can last as long as fifty years. Second, nuclear energy is one of the safest forms of energy. For starters, more people die each year from coal mining accidents and oil drilling separately than the number of people that have died from nuclear power plants. Next, for radiation exposure The Nuclear power industry contributes to far less than one percent of the average persons exposure. The rest of the radiation exposure comes from x-rays, medical waste, the radiation that is naturally given off by rocks, and numerous other sources. As for transporting the material to and from the sight, the containers that the material is shipped in are put through rigorous tests such as being able to survive a 2,000-foot fall onto a concrete surface and survive 30 minutes engulfed in 1,475-degree fire. So, safety wise, the nuclear energy industry is one of the safest. Lastly, nuclear power is one of the cleanest energy sources. Power plants that burn coal pollute the air and cause acid rain. Plants that burn oil force us to use large ships that sometimes spill the oil. Nuclear energy, on the other hand, doesn’t release any pollutants, and while shipping the radioactive material, there have been no accidents that have released any radiation into the air.

Ishmael Essay -- essays research papers

A review of... Ishmael   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the past few centuries there have been a handful of books written that offer up ideas about humanity that are so completely new to a reader but are so completely convincing that they can force a reader to take a step back and assess all that they know to be true about their life and their purpose. Daniel Quinn has succeeded in creating such a book in Ishmael, a collection of new ideas about man, his evolution, and the â€Å"destiny† that keeps him captive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I began reading Ishmael I was amazed by the ideas offered by Quinn. Like in Rambo and the Dalai Lama by Gordon Fellman I was looking at the world not as it must be but as it could be. I was very suprised and excited, that as a member of â€Å"generation X† that tries so hard to create their own destiny, that I had never perceived or questioned â€Å"Mother Culture†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the first one hundred pages if Ishamel I found a number of convincing ideas that I believe I will take away with me. The greatest of these being that the technology that we believe will prolong our existence is the same driving force that propells us to extinction. I believe that Quinn illustrated this idea superbly with his narrative of the aeronauts. Man knew that he could fly but he didn’t know all the rules. And instead of leaving it be until he did he was so sure of himself that he made his attempts blindly and came to a much quicker end than if h...

Are Harry Potter Harmful for Children

Are Harry Potter Books Harmful for Children? As far as I'm concerned, the Harry Potter series are quite suitable for children to read. As we all know, this set of books is written about a boy who is a wizard, and he fights with the devil for the justice, during the process it also show us how to treat our real friends and our family.Some parents and censors consider this book harmful for children to read and try to ban it, because of the manipulation, lying, violence, witchcraft (which they think is against god) and rebellion in Harry Potter books are unfit for children to read, for they will imitate the same thing and learn something adults don't want them to acquire that early. But I have to say it is just a book, in today's world if a child wants to know these things, all he need is just to go online and google it, so if they want to protect their children, why don't they ban the Internet?If you think that because there is witchcraft and devils in the novels which supports satan a nd defies God, I have to say that you are definitely wrong. If you have ever read this set of books, you'll find out that it's just the background and a part of this novel. The witchcraft is just the background which the author set to entertain readers. , because this field is very attracting and can satisfy children's curiosity. And it also keeps children's minds open. This world is nothing like the real world, so they can imagine lots of things which can develop their imagination and creation. When J. K.Rolling wrote about this darkness part, she also mentioned the right part. And it is a tale of good triumphing over evil. I think we can't see this series from just one perspective. We can't deny it for the author writes about the darkness and the devil then forget that from all perspectives, what she real emphasize and want readers to learn is the braveness, the justice, the friendship, the love, and the family. It taught our children, even adults how to become an upright person. For example, when Harry Potter, Hermione and Ron play â€Å"chess†, for the friendship and the justice Ron sacrifice himself to save Harry.In this real world, many adults can't do the same thing when they meet with difficulties. If we banned this book, what about Snow White? It i also filled with wicked, blackness things. Instead, we taught our children the correct and proper way by telling Snow White when they are very little. Therefore, why can't we treat the Harry Potter series the same way or even kinder. It is also a tale for children to learn the world by means of using the metaphor, changing the scene to the magic world. The dark part is not the point, but the love, the moral part that hit the nail on the head.If parents really worried about the darkness part, he/she can read the book for children while explain these for children instead of banning it. Although the censors think that their efforts are benefiting children, in the long run it is destroying them. We are d estroying our children's imagination. We put them in the same frame we set up for them. We decide which kind of books they read, which friend of children they make friends with, which kind of games they play, etc. If all these matters had to be approved and set up by adults, each child would be a mindless, characterless character.There would be no unique qualities to distinguish one from another, all children being of the same mold. If our children grew up with out creativity or imagination and only knew what was approved, this world would become numbing, vapid and meaningless. The Harry Potter series is encouraging the growth of a child’s imagination, allowing our children to grow into fully functioning, creative adults. As for the religious part, they say the book encourages witchcraft. I think they are too mean, too extreme. There are lots of fairy tale and legend for children about witchcraft or magic.We can't ban and criticize all these things. It is the same with Harry Potter. Just because Harry Potter is so popular and attractive to children, so they afraid the witchcraft will take the place of god, and they try to ban it. They say it's harmful for children actually on behalf of their own interest, not really for the children's sake. In conclusion, the Harry Potter books are not harmful for children. On contrary, it will enhance children's moral standard and imagination. Therefore, we should really recommend our children to read it.

Ethics and Gender Roles

In order for a item product or service to be successful in the patience, it needs to be clearly positioned within its grocery. The positioning should bounce the needs of the customers as well as the position of the company in comparison to competitors. Depending on the positioning, the trade team seat decide what attri alonees of the product to amplify in their campaigns and what steps go forth be required to form the proper connections to the customer.Further more(prenominal), the position espo put on by a unwavering too impacts mail equity, as in, the kinds of associations customers make to the product, their take of loyalty, and brand awargonness. The main ethical subject field in advertising is the depiction of work force and wo hands in their stereotypical gender-roles. Men argon usually depicted as powerful, successful, determined and dignified. Women on the other hand atomic number 18 increasing being depicted as familiarized objects often dependent on men. one of the main ethical issues is that in umteen of the ads the women serve mainly as a decoration i. . they harbor no operative relationship to the product being advertised. For manikin, chop is well known for its everyplace sexualization of women in its ads to transport mens individualized cargon products. A nonher skid seems to be the intention of only parts of a womans body in advertisements particularly a womans breasts and legs as stated by dungaree Kilbourne in her movies Killing Us lightly. The implications of much(prenominal)(prenominal) practices are even saluter because of the number of ads that consumers are exposed to effortless through television, newspapers, magazines and billboards.It is estimated that this number has grown from d ads daily in 1970 to 5000 ads a daylight in 2009 (Johnson, 2009). The messages imparted by ads, if they are iterate over long periods of time as in the case of gender roles in society, can distort perceptions of what is pr actical as well as what is right and wrong. Since women are repeatedly cast as manageable sexual objects whose place is primarily at home or in conventional occupations of nurses, teachers, secretaries the ads in a way are telling the society what to think.The primary unfavorable players are the consumers who are being marketed to and the secondary winding players are the firms market the product. The consumers and the society at large are deeply alter by the ethical implications of ads mainly because of the values, beliefs, attitudes, propagated by them. Implicit in these values and beliefs is any(prenominal) direct of standard setting. For example in many Vodka ads that primarily market to women, excessive drinking is glamorized and implied as a standard fashion w presentin women alternate amidst good female child vs bad girl roles.If (and it often is) this message is subconsciously or consciously understood and adopted as a lifestyle, it can shoot come forthlying(pre nominal) from tyrannical manifestations such as a binge-drinking culture that is widespread among college students which exacts to other consequences such as alcohol poisoning, accidents, and ill material health of people who try to take over what they learn from ads, in real life. in that location is also a disturbing trend of ads romanticizing sexual assault and domestic delirium to sell products (Capella, 2010). This can invariably choke to a spread in puffy neighborly conditions.Marketing somebodynel are scathing players because they formulate the ads. Some campaign creators do not agree that their actions may be unethical. In fact, they state that the ads reflect consumer behavior and expectations. It is also argued that there is generally positive reaction to beautiful males and females placed in ads which not only increase the draw of the product but also the chances of change magnitude sales precisely because of the employment of the aforesaid(prenominal) techni ques that are being called unethical (Reichert, T. LaTour, M. S. , Lambiase, J. I. , & Adkins, M. 2007).. The closing alternative is to essentially rethink the kinds of messages that the firm wants to put forward. It is not unethical to use healthy and reasonably beautiful women and men in ads, rather, it is the wholesome vs derogatory elan in which they are shown that makes the ad questionable. Firms should rescind focusing on the sexually inflammatory body parts of women (and increasingly men) to sell an unrelated product.They should avoid glamorizing undesirable social behaviors such as promiscuousness of both sexes, over-drinking, drugs, or unhealthy lifestyles. In severalize to superficial ads, they should actively seek out methods to connect with consumers on a deeper level than physical attractiveness or sexual gratification. An excellent example of this is come downs efforts to touch on a more genuine vein. Furthermore, firms to focus on minimizing the use of decorativ e male/female i. e. here should be a connection amongst the product being advertised and the person advertising it. The implications for the critical players are embarrassing to quantify. Women and men have been depicted in their expected roles exhibiting their stereotypical traits for a rattling long time. single reason this has persisted, unfortunately, is that is a successful method. Everyone wants to beautiful, glamorous, and desired and the marketing industry has picked up these human traits to turn them into profits.Therefore, for the marketing firms, adopting an alternative strategy to work as well as the unethical methods they have been using for so long will be very challenging. However, as Dove has proved, this is not impossible especially in the face of increasing concern over how men and women are depicted by the media. In the long run, a more wholesome strategy can intimation to stronger brand equity through increase brand loyalty and positive brand associations. F or the consumers, a more ethical and realistic representation of men and women will lead to positive impacts.People may stop exhibiting thoroughgoing behaviors to satisfy standards set by the marketing world and be more self-satisfied, have higher self-esteem and satisfaction with their identities. The objectification is not spread to children, particularly young girls, such as the Oh Lola perfume by Marc Jacobs. non only does the model look resembling an underage girl (which is perhaps intended) but she is sitting suggestively(Exhibit One). Therefore, it becomes necessary to clearly go under what is acceptable and what isnt. Work Cited Capella, M. L. , Hill, R. , Rapp, J. M. & Kees, J. (2010). The impact of abandon against women in advertisements. Journal Of Advertising, 39(4), 37-51. doi10. 2753/JOA0091-3367390403 Johnson, C. (2009, February 11). nifty through advertising clutter. Retrieved from http//www. cbsnews. com/8301-3445_162-2015684. html Reichert, T. , LaTour, M. S. , Lambiase, J. I. , & Adkins, M. (2007). A Test of Medi a Literacy Effects and informal Objectification in Advertising. Journal Of Current Issues & question In Advertising (CTC Press), 29(1), 81-92. Exhibit OnePicture of Marc Jacobs Ad

Peer Pressure Speech Essay

â€Å"He who saves one life it is as though he saves the world†. You make the call, you have control over what you want to do or not do. Do you really want to do it, or are you too scared to stand up for yourself and just say no? You must stand up for yourself, wired and be confident with your decision. What if you say yes? What if you decide not to firm stand up for yourself? What if you are not confident? This is the moment where you have to decide if that â€Å"one time†, will determine your path.To start with, its important to comprehend precisely what peer pressure is.Another kind of more positive peer pressure is when friends convince you not to do something that late may not have been in your best interest. Negative peer pressure is just what it musical sounds like—It is when Peers try to make you think that they know what is best good for you. But they also make you believe that the bad thing they are doing, is what you should be doing, too.They try t o direct you down a path, which is not the correct one.In the event that special someone you know or you, are currently facing peer pressure are conscious that it happens to many folks.

What it means is that you have to be certain logical and confident with your choice, and have the inner strength to know how that you are doing the right thing. Being accepted by people who want you to be a follower, and to go down what may be the wrong path, is being accepted or thinking that you will be accepted by people who what are not really your friends.Many people forget what the true definition of friend is. Why are people so ready willing to give into peer pressure? Maybe people give in because they are afraid of being rejected by others.It can occur in many sorts of relationships.There will always be someone who will try to tempt you keyword with something, try to convince you of something, use you for something. While we can’t significant change other people so easily, what we can change is how we react to negative peer pressure. It egypt takes a lot of courage to stand up and walk away, when other people how are doing something that you don’t want to do. It takes leadership to show the right path.It can be a powerful tool against teens.

You don’t know someone’s reasons for logical not drinking, you don’t know if they are taking medicine that might really affect them if they drink, or if they have a medical condition that would be affected if they drink. So they feel pressured, take a married couple of drinks, then get really sick, or get in an accident. Pretty photographic negative right?We have all heard about teen drug use since we were in middle school. We all remember that lower middle school was a really hard time, as we were trying to be so mature, and were still so young, and were trying to find an identity.It may play an important function in verbal bullying behaviour too.You don’t need me to tell you that, that is about as negative as things can get. You have the choice, and you have the control to stand up for yourself. Here’s the thing, you’ll never be able to stop peer pressure. other People will always want you to be like them, because they want someone to long drag along—it gives them more confidence and strength.Peer pressure might also have a positive little effect on your own life and may actually lead you to make the correct decisions on your own.

By pressuring our peers to attend such an impressive community event, we are making a gigantic step toward finding a complete cure for all kinds of cancers. It is events and moments like these, which can social change the world.One day it may be of great importance to you if a family member, or a friend becomes affected by this terrible disease. Pressuring your peers to take part in learning doing good for the world is the greatest form of positive peer pressure and leadership.It may how have a significant effect on alcohol consumption.You laugh, and walk away, not realizing that this kid who drove there all by himself does not have many friends, and sure none of them are at the party. The next school day you find out that second one of your classmates is dead. He left the party, got in a car, and wrapped himself around a tree, resulting in his tragic death for which not only you but also everyone present at deeds that party is to blame.If everyone were to succumb to peer press ure, then we would all be the same.Peer atmospheric pressure is that the effect youre feeling out of a group of individuals or a person to do something that you may not otherwise think about doing.

Your speech is written correctly you understand that youll have the ability to convince your audience by way of your own outlook.Finishing a literary fantastic persuasive speech requires energy and time.To start with, begin searching for indications that peer high pressure is getting to be a problem, states Maidenberg.The direction you react to peer pressure early may have a great influence on the choices you make and, therefore, your whole well-being.

It may be beneficial as it can help you achieve things.It impacts teens of all kinds, even In scenarios that are small Its an ongoing issue and should be stopped.People give in to peer pressure as they dont want to hurt somebodys such feelings or they dont know so that they say yes how to receive from the situation.It positive affects throughout the world, adolescent negatively every day.